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Pheromone traps can detect the arrival of fleas or alert foresters to outbreaks. As an instance, the spruce budworm, a destructive pest of spruce and balsam fir, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for several decades.22 In certain regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are sprayed with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage caused during outbreaks.23.

Many unwelcome animals go to or create their home in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban places. Some contaminate foodstuffs, harm structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest kept dry products. Some inflict great economic loss, others take diseases or cause fire dangers, and a few are only a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and trash control, modifying the habitat, and using repellents, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.24.

Physical pest control involves trapping or killing insects like insects and rodents. Historically, local people or paid rat-catchers caught and murdered rodents using dogs and traps.25 On a national scale, sticky flypapers are utilized to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects might be trapped using such means as pheromones, synthetic volatile substances or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them.

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Rodents can be murdered by appropriately baited spring cubes and can be caught in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or"tracking powder" can be used to establish routes used by rodents inside buildings and acoustic apparatus can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.24.

Historically, guns have been one of the primary methods used for pest control. "Garden Guns" are smooth bore shotguns specially designed to fire .22 caliber snake taken or 9mm Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other insect. Garden Guns are short range weapons which can do little damage past 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively quiet when fired with snake shot, when compared with some standard ammunition.

They are also used for pest control at airports, warehouses, stockyards, etc.26.

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The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. In a distance of about ten feet (3 m), which is around the most effective range, the pattern is about 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Special smoothbore shotguns, such as the Marlin Model 25MG can produce effective patterns out to 15 or 20 yards using.22 WMR shotshells, which maintain 1/8 ounce.

Poisoned bait is a common way of controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches and other insects. The fundamental granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have enough time to carry the substance back important link to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent additional egg-laying and nuisance.27 Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide metaldehyde, dangerous to children and household pets.28.

Warfarin has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many webpage populations have developed resistance to this anticoagulant, and difenacoum is often substituted.29 All these are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up regularly.27 Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals like wolves30 and birds of prey.31 Poisoned carcasses however kill a vast range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species.30 Raptors in Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.32.

Fumigation is the treatment of a structure to kill pests such as wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, normally of 2472 hours. This is expensive and inconvenient because the construction cannot be utilized during the treatment, however, it aims all life stages of insects.33.

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An alternative, distance treatment, is fogging or misting to distribute a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or sterile sealing, allowing most work within the building to continue, at the cost of reduced penetration. Contact insecticides are generally utilized to minimise long lasting residual effects.33

Populations of pest insects can at times be radically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or various other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It's very useful where a female only mates once and where the insect does not spread widely.34 This technique has been successfully used against the New World screw-worm fly, a few species of tsetse fly, tropical fruit flies, the pink bollworm and the codling moth, among others.35.